https://www.plantsandculture.org/news daily 0.75 2024-09-25 https://www.plantsandculture.org/news/decolonizing-botany-at-creatures-plants-and-coffee monthly 0.5 2024-09-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/ab5c2b75-877d-4fe3-b37d-8981f7f11500/Decolonizing+Botany+%281%29.png NEWS - Decolonizing Botany at Creature’s Plants and Coffee - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.plantsandculture.org/news/kzuvtaqrj1zroh02jqw60t164ms7xs monthly 0.5 2022-04-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/e0ca1e59-530c-4125-8786-f07c4602ec68/Colonialism+Hidden+Collectors+Plants+and+Culture.png NEWS - FLORXL ZINE - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.plantsandculture.org/news/artsoftheworkingclass monthly 0.5 2021-06-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1622839994366-S8APT65PSA580BIA5SVW/IMG_2081.JPG NEWS - ARTS OF THE WORKING CLASS - We had the incredible honor of participating in the latest issue by Arts of the Working Class: “FOOD THAT EATS THE SOUL.” The following quote is pulled from our contribution entitled, “SUGAR BARONS OF ART,” which explores the buried histories behind two of the most famous sugar barons and their art collections… https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1622839599938-JLZBBOCLPP0VHTEB2J6A/4727147304_db071bec11_o.jpg NEWS - ARTS OF THE WORKING CLASS - Sugar barons Henry Tate and Henry O. Havemeyer are often revered for their philanthropic endeavors, including their massive donations of artworks to the Tate Britain in London and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, respectively. However, the sugar empires that financed these vast art collections also profited from the exploitation of enslaved peoples, indentured servants, and wage-laborers. https://www.plantsandculture.org/news/cr8tvision monthly 0.5 2021-06-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1622833512795-Z0VHMGUWEGMBLD208W4F/Cr8tVision+podcast+Alex+Douziech+image NEWS - Cr8tVision Podcast - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1622833671936-61WDVWVE1ASVPJ0XJCW1/IMG_2250.JPG NEWS - Cr8tVision Podcast - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.plantsandculture.org/home daily 1.0 2025-08-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/71b3109e-3e71-4208-b6cc-065ba2ceb4d5/ARTWORK+SPOTLIGHT%281%29.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1616196846369-59V09MUJESFR4ITKU8UA/Kuba+workshop.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1630182239177-KIL219E07GQ3KBWB123C/SCIENCE%2C+RACISM%2C+AND+LINNAEUS https://www.plantsandculture.org/what-we-are-about daily 0.75 2021-06-03 https://www.plantsandculture.org/contact daily 0.75 2020-10-15 https://www.plantsandculture.org/slaveryandbotany daily 0.75 2021-04-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602616181025-I4EPHV40VSTLGQA5AYZJ/%22+copy.png SLAVERY AND BOTANY - “Colonial powers [rationalized] their conquests by asserting that they had a legal and religious obligation to take over the land and culture of indigenous peoples. Conquering nations cast their role as civilizing “barbaric” or “savage” nations, and argued that they were acting in the best interests of those whose lands and peoples they exploited.” (1) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602616729060-Q7C39KTQDXNMP0PPM2YG/European+explorers+in+the+Americas.png SLAVERY AND BOTANY - Juan Ponce de Leon, an officer in charge of the Spanish advance, “was instructed in dealing with the Indian inhabitants to “make them understand” that they were required to embrace the Catholic faith and “obey and serve” representatives of the Spanish crown. The crown authorized war against Indians if they chose not to obey or if they agreed and then later rebelled.”(2) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602549069186-GL57DLEEV6W7YB8G5Z4F/Slave+Ship+1770+copy.png SLAVERY AND BOTANY - “In fact, as estimated 11.7 million enslaved Africans survived their journey to the “New World” between the mid-fifteenth century and 1870.” (7) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602553646530-L7V184FEWGDLAPA3P8CG/Royal_African_Company+copy.png SLAVERY AND BOTANY - “At first, indentured European servants and enslaved indigenous peoples of the Americas were used to grow plantation crops. But more labour was needed, so Africans were enslaved to work on the plantations […] It is estimated that two thirds of all enslaved Africans transported across the Atlantic were made to work on sugar plantations. The death rate on Caribbean sugar plantations was so high that a continual new supply of labour was needed from West Africa. By 1700, Jamaica had 7,000 European settlers compared to 40,000 people of African descent.” (6) https://www.plantsandculture.org/imperialtaxonomy daily 0.75 2021-07-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1603937650479-1ETZ5FF3JU0BYSVBD898/Linnaeus+Portrait+copy.png IMPERIAL TAXONOMY - Carolus Linnaeus, a Swedish naturalist, “created two scientific systems: the system for classifying plants and animals and the system for naming all living things.” (4) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1603449140594-DP99AKGTYONGJF6K7QBP/Final_Taxonomy.png IMPERIAL TAXONOMY - “Linnaeus saw nature as divided up in “Kingdoms,” each ruled by laws similar in kind to those that governed empire.” (6) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1605164007307-MRMS87Z6E3ZTZEUK2TPS/Critica%252BBotanica.jpg IMPERIAL TAXONOMY - In Critica botanica, Carolus Linnaeus set “out rules for standardizing botanical nomenclature… [He] banished many things: European languages except Greek and Latin; religious names (though he allowed names derived from European mythology); foreign names (meaning foreign to European sensibilities); names invoking the uses of plants[…]and so forth.” (5) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1605757826998-2BOZWIZ1WSGQW8H7WW7L/Methodus+Plantarum+Sexualis+copy.png IMPERIAL TAXONOMY - “Linnaeus created the binomial (two-name) classification system. “In this system, each living thing is assigned a name consisting of two Latin words. The first word is the genus to which the subject belongs. The second name is the specific species within that genus. For example, the human species is known as Homo sapiens.”(4) https://www.plantsandculture.org/stolen-knowledge daily 0.75 2023-08-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602556881441-DZRIC0LCI7U00LWQXQE5/Cinchona_officinalis+copy.png STOLEN KNOWLEDGE - “Quinine [a derivative of cinchona bark] was already known to the Quechua, the Cañari and the Chimú indigenous peoples that inhabited modern-day Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador before the arrival of the Spanish,” said Natalay Canales, Peruvian native and biologist at the Natural History Museum of Denmark. “They were the ones that introduced the bark to Spanish Jesuits.” (3) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602557377082-QOFBX9FEOK7LRXJ6F3EN/Cinchona%2Bpubescens.jpg STOLEN KNOWLEDGE - “The effectiveness of the bark of the small evergreen cinchona trees (Cinchona spp.) for curing fevers was known to native South Americans long before Europeans reached the continent. When Jesuit missionaries working in Peru at the beginning of the 17th century began to fall ill with malaria, native doctors, with their vast knowledge of local medicinal plants, used cinchona bark to treat them.” (2) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602557273488-96LFPNT6QPWX00GB217J/Gathering+Cinchoa+Bark.png STOLEN KNOWLEDGE - “…cinchona was especially used by the Dutch in Indonesia; by the French in Algeria; and most famously, by the British in India, Jamaica and across South-East Asia and West Africa. In fact, between 1848 and 1861, the British government spent the equivalent of £6.4m each year importing cinchona bark to store for its colonial troops. As a result, quinine is frequently cited by historians as one of the major “tools of imperialism” that powered the British Empire. (3)” https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602551013304-TE2OPPMNR2PBR798VI06/CIP_PotatoInstitute.png STOLEN KNOWLEDGE - Cooking often breaks down toxic compounds found in wild potatoes, but some are unaffected by heat. After observing how the “guanaco and vicuña (wild relatives of the llama) lick clay before eating poisonous plants,” Andean peoples began to “dunk wild potatoes in a “gravy” made of clay and water.” This allowed the toxins to stick—more technically, “adsorb”—to the fine clay particles…passing through the digestive system without affecting it.” (8) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602550975736-5GGJ6F20DTNZ7GSV12YQ/Potaoes_Potatoes+copy.png STOLEN KNOWLEDGE - “There are over 4,000 edible varieties of potato, mostly found in the Andes of South America. Potato is the third most important food crop in the world after rice and wheat in terms of human consumption. More than a billion people worldwide eat potato, and global total crop production exceeds 300 million metric tons.” (7) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602552545593-L0JDOMP2P0Q28WFLC2MX/Senegal_Rice_Field.png STOLEN KNOWLEDGE - “In an era of scientific racism and colonialism, the denial of African accomplishment in rice systems provides a stunning example of how power relations mediate the production of history. As a result, researchers ignored African rice history until well into the twentieth century.” (10) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602651731126-WNYKFFB3SMDRD5GIBDZZ/Plantation_negroes_carrying_rice_in_South_Carolina%2C_U.S.A%2C_from_Robert_N._Dennis_collection_of_stereoscopic_views.jpg STOLEN KNOWLEDGE - “The South Carolina planters were, at first, completely ignorant of rice cultivation, and their early experiments with this specialized type of tropical agriculture were mostly failures. They soon recognized the advantage of importing slaves from the traditional rice-growing region of West Africa [and] ultimately adopted a system of rice cultivation that drew heavily on the labor patterns and technical knowledge of their African slaves.” (14) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602556317528-114IN9S1CMJN04PKD0T2/African+Rice+copy.png STOLEN KNOWLEDGE - “Historically, rice (Oryza sativa) has been described as originating in Asia. More recent research has shown that another species of rice (Oryza glaberrima) has a long history of cultivation in Africa. The Portuguese introduced Asian rice to Africa in the 1500s, and this led to the African variety being overlooked […] It was only in the 1970s that it was agreed two different types of rice had originated independently in two different parts of the world…” (12) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602651671624-D99ZQL4ZHKOS9XHN8NCF/rice_Plantation_carolina+copy.png STOLEN KNOWLEDGE https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602551833966-KV4YBOCGUP47S853EJFY/Rice_Niger+copy.png STOLEN KNOWLEDGE - “Oryza glaberrima [African rice] was first domesticated in the Inland Delta of the Upper Niger River, in what is today Mali, [approx] 2,000 or 3,000 years ago.” (13) https://www.plantsandculture.org/pursuit-of-green-gold daily 0.75 2021-04-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602622665310-Y2JVNAZ3K5FSWWGTPCYR/Christopher+columbus+colonialism.png PURSUIT OF GREEN GOLD - “Between 1492 and 1800, Europeans learned of, conquered, and colonized much of North America, South America, Asia, and Africa and set the tone for international relationships for centuries to come…” “During this time European colonists forced local populations to cultivate and harvest crops and to extract minerals and other raw materials for export to the colonists’ home countries. When colonists’ labor needs could not be met by indigenous populations, the colonists imported slaves from Africa or indentured workers from Asia and Europe.” (2) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602633674910-AI4N809KHNA6YXBERIU4/Colonialism+and+capitalism.png PURSUIT OF GREEN GOLD - “…for one thing, [colonialism] is driven by capitalism…by a quest for profit. It’s also driven by competition. So, the French, and the Dutch, and the British are constantly looking at each other and wanting to have whatever commodity is making that empire successful. So, it’s a competition for colonies—a competition for commodities.” (3) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602623047110-Z16UBN63MJFI5691X4XE/Black+Pepper+Plant+.png PURSUIT OF GREEN GOLD - “At the height of its powers the Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (Dutch East India Company or VOC)—colloquially known as the first multinational company—imported as many as six million pounds of black pepper to the Netherlands annually.” (4) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602624915355-BEKEX3WVPDYJ6ZNC7GNV/Botanist+and+cinchona+.png PURSUIT OF GREEN GOLD - Botanists and naturalists played a central role in European conquest by “identifying profitable plants” and “providing new medicines to keep European troops and planters alive in the colonies” (4) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602623543452-NZWT5AOOUA8HYJ4N5O3G/Cinchona+on+Munsong+Plantation+.png PURSUIT OF GREEN GOLD - “…botanists could suggest where to find a plant that would fill a current demand, how to improve this plant through species selection, hybridization, and new methods of cultivation, where to cultivate this plant with cheap colonial labor, [and] how to process this plant for the world market…” (5) https://www.plantsandculture.org/botanical-gardens-and-colonialism daily 0.75 2022-03-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1603327204004-K20WPBJXJPFYU4YQ8V0G/Kew+Herbarium.png BOTANICAL GARDENS AND COLONIALISM - “European naturalists […] tended to collect specimens and specific facts about those specimens rather than worldview, schema of usage, or alternative ways of ordering and understanding the world. They stockpiled specimens in cabinets, put them behind glass in museums, and accumulated them in botanical gardens and herbaria, but as specimens "stripped of narrative," supporting once again the notion that "travelers never leave home, but merely extend the limits of their world by taking their concerns and apparatus for interpreting the world along with them.” (2) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1603327966604-A41GFL2CSX9NPDM407VB/Sloane+specimen+cocoa.png BOTANICAL GARDENS AND COLONIALISM -  “Natural historians often sent detailed instructions to their European contacts in the colonies, but they relied on local knowledge to find particular specimens and to undertake the sometimes difficult or dangerous work of collecting. Enslaved Africans and indigenous peoples were sometimes paid for this work [in the form of better treatment, freedom, food, etc.], but rarely acknowledged.” (4) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1603326432725-7FYO10YSA8YISH5NQBB1/Leiden+Botanic+Garden.png BOTANICAL GARDENS AND COLONIALISM - “European botanical gardens…were founded in the sixteenth century primarily as “physic” gardens (gardens of medicinal plants) attached to universities and hospitals to cultivate “simples” for medicine and to teach medical botany to physicians and apothecaries. By the eighteenth century, these gardens were networked with experimental colonial gardens [around the world].” (1) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1618451196030-R9CLA93M3US7X40JK2YU/3Jardin+des+Plantes.jpg BOTANICAL GARDENS AND COLONIALISM https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1603328395019-DEH5M6ZFM0M3KDN2NVRW/Kew+Gardens_Main+Gate+copy.png BOTANICAL GARDENS AND COLONIALISM - “Kew [Royal Botanic Gardens] became a clearinghouse for the exchange of plant information and a depot for the interchange of plants throughout the [British] empire; it sent plants wherever it saw commercial possibilities. With one foot in the tropics of each hemisphere—with colonies in both wet and dry environments, at sea level and in the Himalayas—Britain could shuffle plants at will.” (5) https://www.plantsandculture.org/in-conversation-the-breadfruit-collective daily 0.75 2021-10-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1609269584322-SEBQ82Y2JKPDURCKHNXD/Center+for+Plants+and+Culture.png IN CONVERSATION: THE BREADFRUIT COLLECTIVE https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1609269613215-19Y9BXI8ED4Z3TTM5EMR/The+Breadfruit+Collective.png IN CONVERSATION: THE BREADFRUIT COLLECTIVE https://www.plantsandculture.org/art-workshop-collage-inspired-by-kuba-cloth daily 0.75 2021-06-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1615861413449-EJ4898NKWWATHCBMT91T/ANTHONY%2BFOLKS.jpg ART WORKSHOP: COLLAGE INSPIRED BY KUBA CLOTH Words and workshop by Anthony Folks https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1615863712936-K7NAKQ9D1VDBR0RQLKAL/2005.30.14_PS9.jpg ART WORKSHOP: COLLAGE INSPIRED BY KUBA CLOTH - Kuba cloth is woven from the fib of the Raphia vinifera palm. Production of this textile is a multistage process that involves the men, women, and children of the clan. The process includes gathering and preparing the raffia fibers for weaving and embroidery, weaving the basic cloth unit, dyeing the embroidery fibers, and embellishing the woven cloth with embroidery, applique, patchwork and dye. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1615863566816-SPZ0FFAUAW0TIDBRNBVV/deliveryService-1.jpg ART WORKSHOP: COLLAGE INSPIRED BY KUBA CLOTH - Within this prolific raphia-weaving culture, Kuba men weave the raphia cloth on a single-heddle overhead loom, set at an angle of about 45 degrees to the ground. The weaver sits in its shade and works above himself. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1615863650047-HB6P9OERMMVMMXA0XV62/deliveryService-2.jpg ART WORKSHOP: COLLAGE INSPIRED BY KUBA CLOTH https://www.plantsandculture.org/whoweare daily 0.75 2024-03-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1618452062988-7VOO87DKPQ332TDI9NRJ/ANTHONYPROFILEPICSM.jpg WHO WE ARE - Anthony Folks , Contributor Anthony folks is a visual artist focused on material culture studies. He received his BFA from the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts and his MA from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. Using everyday materials (eg. paper, corrugated cardboard, etc.), he creates collages that connect Black culture to the legacy of African textiles. Click to view artwork. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/22adf83f-94d5-4004-8dc8-3c5738759335/_CJE1373.jpg WHO WE ARE - Miguel Sbastida, Contributor Miguel Sbastida, Contributor Miguel Sbastida works at the boundary of the visual arts and environmental studies to create interdisciplinary installations, situated performances and films that communicate the urgency of the climate crisis and challenge our preconceived notions of our relationship with nature. Click to view artwork and research https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1610685389723-GJQN23JI7EESSRAYHXHA/BIOPIC4.jpg WHO WE ARE - Alexandria Douziech , Founder Drawing inspiration from her parentage—her mother was born on a sugarcane plantation in Guyana and her father was raised on a farm in Alberta, Canada— Alexandria examines issues concerning nature, exploitation, and labor. With over a decade of art, education, and programming experience, she’s committed to creating a space to discuss social issues and histories, especially as they relate to colonialism and capitalism. Using Plants & Culture as a platform, Alexandria seeks to further the perspectives and voices of those who have long been marginalized. Click to view artwork and research https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1627337750118-I6P0F4G2Q2O2CTCI8Z0I/final+IMG_1982-1.jpg WHO WE ARE - Iman Datoo, Contributor Iman’s artistic and research practice speculates on the trajectories of our botanical landscapes through world-building and storytelling. Working primarily between poetry, map-making, and film, she explores the role of tacit knowledge in decentralising narratives around plants, and articulating alternative futures with our non-human counterparts. Click to view artwork and research. https://www.plantsandculture.org/letter-from-the-founder daily 0.75 2024-04-16 https://www.plantsandculture.org/artwork-spotlight-kinnomic-botany-by-iman-datoo daily 0.75 2024-03-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1627337810515-4WZ56MD89MFUOIT1X70T/final+IMG_1982-1.jpg ARTWORK SPOTLIGHT: KINNOMIC BOTANY BY IMAN DATOO Art and Words by Iman Datoo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1626127626851-NKT1W3LK47EV8OLN0U46/ffaf38a7-eab6-49c8-a099-e49dfa3e19f3_1.798808eaa30316d0686a608904c8b553.jpeg ARTWORK SPOTLIGHT: KINNOMIC BOTANY BY IMAN DATOO - As a species that crossed the Atlantic from Peru, the potato has become a symbol of this. Louis XVI even placed one in his button-hole, to encourage cultivation of this rain-loving tuber in the New World. But in this journey, the significance of the potato plant as a whole was erased, as were the nuances of the knowledge systems surrounding it. The result, a spread of potatoes emerging from a narrow genetic bottleneck and a nomenclature to represent a new order over territories, borders, and non-human bodies. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1626127694655-D15BTAXTBJ6K2FY9BLZD/MM38445.jpg ARTWORK SPOTLIGHT: KINNOMIC BOTANY BY IMAN DATOO - Make it stand out Despite the thousands of Andean varieties of potato (pictured), we have reduced this to just 50 domestic varieties in Europe. Our domesticated language unable to ascertain the potato seed’s teachings of survival through variety and difference. https://www.plantsandculture.org/science-racism-and-linnaeus-with-derek-haynes-and-alex-douziech daily 0.75 2021-10-19 https://www.plantsandculture.org/whitewashedbotany daily 0.75 2022-10-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/75660d68-42eb-4279-b39d-5b0adcbe4159/w_DISPLAY1+copy.jpg WHITEWASHED BOTANY https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/f5b7c155-fc99-4742-a96c-db1cd7e91a19/Douziech_Whitewashed+Botany.jpg WHITEWASHED BOTANY https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/90283c3e-3c6b-4613-826e-ab433d79fa98/w_FINALDETAIL1+copy.jpg WHITEWASHED BOTANY https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1a0adb4e-884d-4e7e-8630-a1a84351e439/w_DETAIL4+copy.jpg WHITEWASHED BOTANY https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/57c08367-30dc-4b67-92ec-373541e0d34d/w_FINALDETAIL10_OTHER+copy.jpg WHITEWASHED BOTANY https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/6c1a3ee5-0278-43be-a52a-c56a59527661/w_DETAIL2+copy.jpg WHITEWASHED BOTANY https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/f3587afa-4f3f-4664-bac4-35af37fce2fa/w_FINALDETAIL5+copy.jpg WHITEWASHED BOTANY https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/c6e5bfe0-8557-460e-a2bb-d7c0eff77ea0/w_DEATAIL7+copy.jpg WHITEWASHED BOTANY https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/416250f1-d8d5-4724-81dd-08e052f72b9e/w_DETAIL3+copy.jpg WHITEWASHED BOTANY https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/64670a25-a55e-4d72-8f24-c7704d6e21cb/w_DETAIL8+copy.jpg WHITEWASHED BOTANY https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/0fbe1ce2-8f97-4a26-a8ce-730e3d8b35be/w_DETAIL11+copy.jpg WHITEWASHED BOTANY https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/729b4175-9fca-4f0b-9d22-f81047955993/DISPLAY_PEOPLE.jpg WHITEWASHED BOTANY Photo by Ignacio Contreras https://www.plantsandculture.org/jatropha-curcas-or-what-my-auntie-calls-the-physic-nut-tree daily 0.75 2023-08-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/cdf98805-9cb5-4b81-9593-d55d81f84aec/Douziech_Alexandria_Jatropha.jpg JATROPHA CURCAS (OR WHAT MY AUNTIE CALLS THE PHYSIC NUT TREE) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/3604726b-c77f-4244-9e71-b61a859c8898/Douziech_Jatropha_Install_2.jpg JATROPHA CURCAS (OR WHAT MY AUNTIE CALLS THE PHYSIC NUT TREE) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/2a6d110b-d657-4d38-b376-0d2db401dafe/SMALLER+DETAIL.jpg JATROPHA CURCAS (OR WHAT MY AUNTIE CALLS THE PHYSIC NUT TREE) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/00a5afd0-e8bc-4fc7-884f-425b6b9ae976/sm+detail1.jpg JATROPHA CURCAS (OR WHAT MY AUNTIE CALLS THE PHYSIC NUT TREE) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/118ad126-8807-49a2-8342-e33780d12f58/sm+IMG_3172.jpg JATROPHA CURCAS (OR WHAT MY AUNTIE CALLS THE PHYSIC NUT TREE) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/41454b4d-0053-4ceb-9e5d-600dc38591ed/sm+jatropha++douziech.jpg JATROPHA CURCAS (OR WHAT MY AUNTIE CALLS THE PHYSIC NUT TREE) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/e8df1437-ae00-43a6-b473-b796361f2414/sm+jatropha+douziech+people.jpg JATROPHA CURCAS (OR WHAT MY AUNTIE CALLS THE PHYSIC NUT TREE) https://www.plantsandculture.org/artwork-spotlight-miguel-sbastida daily 0.75 2024-05-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/befca5f3-ed40-44f1-8068-f2f7fddff59b/_CJE1373.jpg ARTWORK SPOTLIGHT: MIGUEL SBASTIDA Art by Miguel Sbastida https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/5388ce5f-b38d-4448-826a-29f42a3b3598/Miguel+Sbastida+%283%29.jpg ARTWORK SPOTLIGHT: MIGUEL SBASTIDA - Make it stand out Each of these works started out as drawings on paper—hand drawn and following the tradition of historical and scientific botanical illustrations. By carefully studying the plant’s physiology, growth patterns, and habitat, each composition portrays the plant’s different states: bud, to flower, to seed. This allows for clear identification and records the plant’s transformation throughout the seasons. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/63af763a-16f8-4d0c-951e-615a66ac6f33/Miguel+Sbastida+%2816%29.jpg ARTWORK SPOTLIGHT: MIGUEL SBASTIDA - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/2de74ee7-d25d-459a-a260-e0f4bdcb6c16/Miguel+Sbastida+%2810%29.jpg ARTWORK SPOTLIGHT: MIGUEL SBASTIDA https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/c24b5f7e-da10-48e8-8381-4c0bbeb83225/Screenshot+2024-03-04+at+3.54.47%E2%80%AFPM.png ARTWORK SPOTLIGHT: MIGUEL SBASTIDA - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/9f5188b1-a1cb-4664-a207-ed1cd591a6e5/Wardian+case+at+Kew+%C2%A9+RBG+Kew.jpg ARTWORK SPOTLIGHT: MIGUEL SBASTIDA - In 1851, Robert Fortune “successfully [smuggled] some 13,000 plants from Shanghai to Assam” with the use of the Wardian case. “This spurred the growth of the Indian tea trade”—for the profit of the British empire—“and broke China’s monopoly over the product.” (2) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/79277da5-9605-47b7-a38f-adaf17f16db4/Untitled+2.jpg ARTWORK SPOTLIGHT: MIGUEL SBASTIDA - Make it stand out “In 1860 Clements Markham used Wardian cases to smuggle the cinchona plant out of South America.” Coveted for its malaria-fighting properties, “cinchona production was essential to imperial growth” as it kept European colonial troops healthy in Africa and the tropics. By 1861, cinchona crops were planted in [British-ruled] India […] on a large scale.” (2) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/41a4bf9b-bb7c-4f78-9afd-41d85ee24ada/Wardian+Case+%284%29.jpg ARTWORK SPOTLIGHT: MIGUEL SBASTIDA “In the 1830s, when Ward was promoting his ideas, having an exotic plant sitting on your dining table was something to prize and marvel at. Over the next century the free movement of plants saw not only exotic curiosities arrive on foreign shores but also invasive species, diseases, and pathogens. Controlling such problems led to stricter quarantine and paved the path towards many of the practices of environmental management and biodiversity conservation we have today.” https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/d87bd78c-8fe3-45ed-a851-1e64d6479c25/Miguel+Sbastida+%2816%29.jpg ARTWORK SPOTLIGHT: MIGUEL SBASTIDA https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/cf6c9784-c660-4793-927f-31d62517a74b/Miguel+Sbastida+%2815%29.jpg ARTWORK SPOTLIGHT: MIGUEL SBASTIDA https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/862a3f3f-ba20-4b09-868d-d6fd7d9aa7a0/Miguel+Sbastida+%2812%29.jpg ARTWORK SPOTLIGHT: MIGUEL SBASTIDA https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/c5d1ab29-76af-4896-be16-3affe84e1596/Miguel+Sbastida+%2813%29.jpg ARTWORK SPOTLIGHT: MIGUEL SBASTIDA https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/65d02420-f59b-4892-bb55-216a18cbf94b/Miguel+Sbastida+%284%29.jpg ARTWORK SPOTLIGHT: MIGUEL SBASTIDA https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/d2027bf3-0877-41ea-b3e8-35c6febb4023/Miguel+Sbastida+%285%29.jpg ARTWORK SPOTLIGHT: MIGUEL SBASTIDA https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/657567ba-7bf3-44e0-866c-48748e06b1c3/Miguel+Sbastida+%287%29.jpg ARTWORK SPOTLIGHT: MIGUEL SBASTIDA https://www.plantsandculture.org/jatropha-curcas daily 0.75 2022-10-04 https://www.plantsandculture.org/jatropha-curcas/other-uses monthly 0.5 2020-12-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1604445133060-M0OPWJJ8TZJA8853QP2G/1280px-Katakel-Jatropha_curcas.jpg JATROPHA CURCAS - OTHER USES - Jatropha curcas is “widely cultivated in the tropics as a living fence in fields and settlements.” (1) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1604445282019-2K07SOW2G2CIZQC9FBUE/image-asset.jpeg JATROPHA CURCAS - OTHER USES - “Jatropha “living fences” in Mali not only control unwanted animal access to the fields; they also reduce wind erosion and, if planted parallel to slopes to fix small earth or stone dams, they help control water erosion. The plant’s roots grow close to the ground surface, anchoring the soil like miniature dikes or earthen bunds. These dikes effectively slow surface runoff during intensive downpours, which are common, thus causing more water to penetrate into the soil and boosting harvests.” (2) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1604445702995-MD4FZRPHE8JBO3BKPP8I/35387204143_bc04176a31_o.jpg JATROPHA CURCAS - OTHER USES - “The [jatropha] oil is also a raw material for soap production that generates income for local women producers.” (1) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1604446555320-VVV70JUHDM6OIMG3TADC/Screen+Shot+2020-07-21+at+6.10.33+PM.png JATROPHA CURCAS - OTHER USES - “The stem bark or latex [from jatropha] is a fishing poison in some parts of Africa and the Philippines.” (3) https://www.plantsandculture.org/jatropha-curcas/biofuel monthly 0.5 2020-12-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1604441524442-XQLLSWSSZBTM5CPE8KKM/25095029221_c9ef033e9c_o.jpg JATROPHA CURCAS - BIOFUEL https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1604442499812-CRGUQZRZAO0AP3GZRGAP/36191102265_1dc7a087dc_o.jpg JATROPHA CURCAS - BIOFUEL https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1604442418777-7ZNQ6AP4EFURF10DPQHA/24518976903_6acd3eaa2d_o.jpg JATROPHA CURCAS - BIOFUEL - “Jatropha was said to be resistant to drought and pests and able to grow on land that was unsuitable for food production.” (2) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1604441354217-7LX7XD1RYBV1ZI5KR6H1/25560473470_f70e679a7b_k.jpg JATROPHA CURCAS - BIOFUEL - Researchers at the Overseas Development Institute (ODI) found that “jatropha could grow on marginal land...[but] jatropha would only produce high yields if grown in good soil in areas with good irrigation.” (1) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1604440052492-PZQA9EE86VHQHVQPZH6D/35934715736_639e4ae841_o.jpg JATROPHA CURCAS - BIOFUEL - “I lost 5 acres of my cultivable land. The forest officials came in July 2007 and took away my land for jatropha plantations...” (4) Bairag Singh, subsistence farmer, India, 2009 https://www.plantsandculture.org/jatropha-curcas/medicine monthly 0.5 2020-12-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1604433376525-KC0258G5OE1SEHUSAKLG/6.png JATROPHA CURCAS - MEDICINE https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1604433174713-MR97I6VMS0692A25TYP9/3.png JATROPHA CURCAS - MEDICINE https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1604433093226-RPIZQXD4IQY17VKMJNFZ/1.png JATROPHA CURCAS - MEDICINE https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1604433134930-3W0IN018EP7U7Q7E5W2X/2.png JATROPHA CURCAS - MEDICINE https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1604433309965-R2B4MYFRFIISUTW9RPBU/5.png JATROPHA CURCAS - MEDICINE https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1604433261192-L45D3YC1BRNUHMLGHW0R/4.png JATROPHA CURCAS - MEDICINE https://www.plantsandculture.org/jatropha-curcas/spiritual-traditions monthly 0.5 2020-12-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602619335149-UMQPJPWMVGYDVLICPD8Y/FINALJatropha_curcas-habit_behind_houses.png JATROPHA CURCAS - SPIRITUAL TRADITIONS - In Zimbabwe, “the Jatropha plant is being planted around homesteads to prevent the entry of snakes. It is strongly believed that the plant repels evil spirits. It is also used to settle disputes when matters are brought before traditional leaders. If an accused person swallows a concoction and does not vomit, he is presumed guilty.” (1) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1600131510599-GGE3XCQASPJRN9TWYEE3/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-08-08%2Bat%2B6.06.18%2BPM.jpg JATROPHA CURCAS - SPIRITUAL TRADITIONS - In Trinidad and Tobago, “most people knew that [Jatropha curcas]…was a deterrent against all kinds of evil spirits, including the soucouyant or bruja. This plant was placed at strategic spots of the person’s property, particularly at the entrance or at its four corners to avoid access beyond that point.” (2,3) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602619531433-8ZA3OSLH5QU4T8HN5C0Z/Jatropha_Living+Fence.png JATROPHA CURCAS - SPIRITUAL TRADITIONS - “It was the practice in Jamaica to bury a [Jatropha curcas] in a field, to keep a neighbor’s envious (and therefore evil) eye from a good field crop.” (4) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1603849508759-35FQVR1K7VUJPU1CYX0W/jatropha-curcas-bleeding-tree-good-friday-apr-18-03-lb.jpg JATROPHA CURCAS - SPIRITUAL TRADITIONS https://www.plantsandculture.org/jatropha-curcas/spread-around-the-world monthly 0.5 2020-12-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602640252016-QT16R0WMFDKKYU25N29S/MAP_jatropha.png JATROPHA CURCAS - SPREAD AROUND THE WORLD While originating in Central America, this map depicts various locations Jatropha curcas now grows around the world. Preferring warmer climates (both dry and humid), Jatropha curcas doesn’t normally stray far from the equator. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602641170159-KBDMPOULMJ4GPY2OLL15/Flowering+biodiesel+plant+%28Jatropha+curcas%29.png JATROPHA CURCAS - SPREAD AROUND THE WORLD - “From the Caribbean, this species was probably distributed by Portuguese [merchants] via Cape Verde Islands and former Portuguese Guinea (now Guinea Bissau) to other countries in Africa and Asia.” (2) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602621022754-W5WQYRVXPAPFAY6A901S/Jatropha+botanical+print.png JATROPHA CURCAS - SPREAD AROUND THE WORLD “Jatropha Curcas” from Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin’s Hortus botanicus Vindobonensis, vol. 3, 1776. (3) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1600128856354-1KPWWQSO1UPM71ZZQ53J/Untitled+design-1.png JATROPHA CURCAS - SPREAD AROUND THE WORLD - “Colonial botanists were often "traveling missionaries, trained physicians or apothecaries... most were sent by trading companies, kings, or scientific academies.” (6) Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin (1727-1817) (1) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1603154957853-J1DY83P3GCEOCH8W063T/Jatropha%2BCurcas%2BKEW.jpg JATROPHA CURCAS - SPREAD AROUND THE WORLD Jatropha Curcas specimen, Kew Gardens. (4) https://www.plantsandculture.org/jatropha-curcas/intro monthly 0.5 2020-12-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602643602160-IBWY0WPHRDXQ8QR1Q6O1/Screen+Shot+2020-10-13+at+7.46.28+PM.png JATROPHA CURCAS - INTRO https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602720129264-WRVKXFP5AC1BZNJBLVV0/my+jatropha.jpg JATROPHA CURCAS - INTRO https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602642490361-X49W3X42KXL7MTZ65J01/updatedAUNTIETREE.jpg JATROPHA CURCAS - INTRO https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602617542522-EWTX2CQOJ9IABDNW3D13/Jatropha+Curcas+Fruit+copy.png JATROPHA CURCAS - INTRO https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1599159800166-LNYBQLE39I6O2DFLL4RX/Spanish+arbol+de+los+pinones+de+Indias%3B+arbol+santo%3B+frailejon%3B+pinon%3B+pinon+blanco%3B+pinoncillo%3B+tartago%3B+tempateFrench+grand+ignon+d%27Inde%3B+grand+medicinier%3B+gros+ricin%3B+haricot+du+perou%3B+manioc+batard%3B+medicin.png JATROPHA CURCAS - INTRO https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1599159800195-4J4B3YWNZP156MTDRLWL/Spanish+arbol+de+los+pinones+de+Indias%3B+arbol+santo%3B+frailejon%3B+pinon%3B+pinon+blanco%3B+pinoncillo%3B+tartago%3B+tempateFrench+grand+ignon+d%27Inde%3B+grand+medicinier%3B+gros+ricin%3B+haricot+du+perou%3B+manioc+batard%3B+medicin-1.png JATROPHA CURCAS - INTRO https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f4fe57eaa1eee443f5c6e56/1602806227074-VF7C8RP7PK2XL96BS1QL/Spanish+arbol+de+los+pinones+de+Indias%3B+arbol+santo%3B+frailejon%3B+pinon%3B+pinon+blanco%3B+pinoncillo%3B+tartago%3B+tempateFrench+grand+ignon+d%27Inde%3B+grand+medicinier%3B+gros+ricin%3B+haricot+du+perou%3B+manioc+batard%3B+medicin.png JATROPHA CURCAS - INTRO